What Is Comparative Advantage?
Comparative advantage, a cornerstone of David Ricardo's trade theory, describes the ability of a country or producer to make a good at a lower opportunity cost than another. Even if one party is more productive at everything (absolute advantage), both still gain from trade by specializing in the good where they sacrifice the least. This universal economic concept applies to any two producers and any two goods.
How to Use This Calculator
Enter how many units of two goods — Good X and Good Y — each of two countries (A and B) can produce using the same fixed resources, such as one labor-hour. The calculator computes each country's opportunity cost for both goods and identifies who holds the comparative advantage in each.
The Formula Explained
If Country A can make 10 units of X or 5 units of Y with the same resources, then producing one X means giving up 5/10 = 0.5 units of Y. So the opportunity cost of Good X is simply Y output ÷ X output. The country with the lower opportunity cost for a good should specialize in it.
Worked Example
Country A produces 10 X or 5 Y; Country B produces 4 X or 4 Y. A's opportunity cost of one X is 5/10 = 0.5 Y, while B's is 4/4 = 1 Y. Since 0.5 < 1, Country A has the comparative advantage in X. For Good Y, A gives up 10/5 = 2 X while B gives up 4/4 = 1 X — so Country B specializes in Y.
使用注意事項與精準校對原則（6 大核心守則）
📐 1. 嚴格對齊輸入量綱與單位
輸入各項數值時請務必確認量綱（例如小時、天數、金額、百分比），避免單位不匹配引發推算偏差。
🔒 2. 純前端本機毫秒級隱私保障
所有計算邏輯 100% 在您的終端瀏覽器內完成，資料絕不上傳伺服器，嚴格守護商業與個人隱私。
📊 3. 符合公認學術與產業計算模型
演算法嚴格遵循國際通用數學公式與標準計算模型，經多重情境交叉核對，數值嚴密精確。
📋 4. 一鍵複製與免登入 PDF 匯出
支援一鍵複製推算結果字串至剪貼簿，亦可直接點擊列印按鈕輸出純淨 PDF 工作報表。
🔄 5. 多情景敏感度動態對比
建議針對極端值與多組預期情景分別試算，觀察輸出數據的波動區間，輔助做出更穩健的決策。
🛡️ 6. 專業諮詢與日常參考免責聲明
本工具運算結果供日常排程、學業研習與事前參考之用，如涉及重大法規或投資決策請諮詢持證專家。