What Is the Minor Head Loss Calculator?
Minor head loss (also called local or fitting loss) is the energy lost when fluid passes through valves, bends, elbows, tees, expansions, contractions, and other pipe fittings. Unlike major loss caused by wall friction along straight pipe, minor losses come from turbulence and flow separation at disturbances. This universal calculator uses the standard relation h_L = K · ((v^{2}) ÷ (2g)) to return the head loss in meters of fluid column.
How to Use It
Enter the loss coefficient K for your fitting and the mean flow velocity v in metres per second. The calculator multiplies K by the velocity head ((v^{2}) ÷ (2g)) to give the head loss hL. Typical K values: 90° standard elbow ≈ 0.9, fully open gate valve ≈ 0.2, fully open globe valve ≈ 10, sharp pipe entrance ≈ 0.5, sudden exit ≈ 1.0. Sum the K values of multiple fittings to model a fitting train at one velocity.
The Formula Explained
The equation
Worked Example
For a 90° elbow with K = 0.9 and a velocity of 3 m/s: velocity head
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