What is radiocarbon dating?
Radiocarbon (Carbon-14) dating estimates the age of once-living material by measuring how much of its radioactive Carbon-14 has decayed. Living organisms constantly exchange carbon with their environment, keeping a roughly constant level of C-14. When the organism dies, intake stops and the C-14 decays at a known rate. By comparing the amount remaining today to the original amount, we can calculate how long ago the organism died.
How to use this calculator
Enter the percentage of Carbon-14 still present in the sample (relative to a living reference, which is 100%). The default half-life is 5730 years (the Cambridge value); you can change it to 5568 years (the conventional Libby half-life) if your reference data uses it. The calculator returns the estimated age in years before measurement.
The formula explained
Carbon-14 decays exponentially: N = N_0 · ≤ft(\tfrac{1}{2}\right)^{t/t_{1/2}}. Solving for time gives
Worked example
Suppose a wooden artifact has 25% of its original Carbon-14. Then N_0/N = 4, and
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